50 new species per year in the Atlas

In our previous blog “The making of Atlas”, we shared our journey of the Atlas of Clinical Fungi that started in 1987. The combination of printed and online versions of the database enables our team to keep the Atlas up to date. Since publication the 4th edition of the book, December 2020, numerous species have been added, and some name changes have been introduced. We also keep track of veterinary species, which ultimately should lead to a Atlas of Veterinary Fungi in the near future. In total, 100 species were added – which means a stunning 50 species per year. Nine species were members of new or previously not included genera. In addition, of around 10 species the name was changed. Some of the fungi added had already been mentioned in the List of Doubtful Cases, as they were previously isolated from clinical samples, but now their clinical relevance is supported by proven, published case reports. Most of the novelties concerned fungi that previously could not be identified by phenotypic methods, but are now recognized by ribosomal sequencing.

Below, the additions since January 2021 are listed. For many of them, photoplates are not ready yet; we are working on this. A large number of new clinical species concern implantation mycoses, i.e. (sub)cutaneous infections or keratitis. This category will certainly grow in the future. We advise medical mycologists to apply molecular methods to sequence the etiologic agents of infection that have poor microscopic morphology; in the Atlas, we can only include taxa with confirmed clinical cases and reliable identification. Once a species has been recognized, often other cases follow, underlining the importance of your publication.

Below please find the list of major additions to the Atlas since January 2021, in the order as listed in the printed version. We added the main clinical picture with every new species, followed by references to the case report. In the web-version of Atlas* you will find more information under the header “Pathogenicity”, and with a click on the reference the full text will be shown. Note that also with species included prior to 2021, numerous references have been added.

*Purchase of the book includes 2 years free access to the website. Both can be ordered here; subscription is per calendar year, but with orders in June you will have access until 1 July 2024.

Clinical taxa	Clinical origin	Reference
Pythium periculosum	Pythiosis
Prototheca blaschkeae	Veterinary	Roesler et al. (2006), Kano (2020), Masuda et al. (2021)
Prototheca bovis	Human and veterinary	Kano (2020), Masuda et al. (2021), Sari et al. (2018)
Prototheca ciferrii	Protothecosis	Hirose et al. (2018)
Prototheca cutis	Human and veterinary	Satoh et al. (2010), Maboni et al. (2021)
Prototheca miyajii	Protothecosis	Masuda et al. (2016)
Prototheca wickerhamii	Protothecosis
Apophysomyces elegans	Mucormycosis	Rashid et al. (2020), for more ref. see online Atlas
Apophysomyces mexicanus	Mucormycosis	Bonifaz et al. (2014)
Apophysomyces ossiformis	Mucormycosis	Miller et al. (2019), Martínez-Herrera et al. (2020)
Apophysomyces trapeziformis	Mucormycosis	Bertumen et al. (2016), Kumar et al. (2014), for more ref. see online Atlas
Apophysomyces variabilis	Mucormycosis	Samaddar et al. (2019), for more ref. see online Atlas
Cunninghamella arunalokei	Mucormycosis	Hallur et al. (2021).
Lichtheimia ornata	Mucormycosis	Pan et al. (2020).
Mycotypha microspora	Mucormycosis	Trachuk et al. (2018), for more ref. see online Atlas
Basidiobolus haptosporus	(Cases have been listed under B. ranarum)
Basidiobolus meristosporus	(Cases have been listed under B. ranarum)
Basidiobolus omanensis	Entomophthoromycosis	Al-Hatmi et al. (2021)
Neoconidiobolus pachyzygosporus	Pulmonary	Stavropoulou et al. (2020)
Dirkmeia churashimaensis	Fungemia	Chowdhary et al. (2020), Hu et al. (2021).
Moesziomyces antarcticus	Fungemia	Liu et al. (2019)
Phanerochaete sordida	Pulmonary	Watanabe et al. (2017)
Apiotrichum mycotoxinovorans	Pulmonary / disseminated	Shah et al. (2014), for more ref. see online Atlas
Apiotrichum veenhuisii	Cutaneous / disseminated	Lara et al. (2019), de Almeida et al. (2017)
Cutaneotrichosporon arboriforme	Urine / central line infection	Sugita et al. (2007), Hadano et al. (2015)
Cutaneotrichosporon debeurmannianum	Subcutaneous	Noy et al. (2020)
Naganishia adeliensis	Possible meningitis	Rimek et al. (2004), Tintelnot & Losert (2005).
Naganishia friedmannii	Onychomycosis	Ekhtiari et al. (2017)
Naganishia liquefaciens	Meningitis / fungemia / cutaneous	Conde-Pereira et al. (2015), Takemura et al. (2015), Sugita et al. (2003)
Rhodotorula dairenensis	Fungemia	Cobo et al. (2020)
Trichosporon coremiiforme	Fungemia	Monzani et al. (2020)
Trichosporon dohaense	Superfecial / disseminated	Samaddar et al. (2022), for more ref. see online Atlas
Trichosporon japonicum	Fungemia	Bongomin et al. (2019), Albitar-Nehme et al. (2022), Li et al. (2020), Menu et al. (2022).
Blastobotrys adeninivorans	Fungemia	Roehmel et al. (2015)
Blastobotrys raffinosifermentans	Fungemia	Wong et al. (2014), Jahn et al. (2018), Al-Obaidi et al. (2021)
Candida diddensiae	Fungemia / cutaneous	Kim et al. (2020)
Candida vulturna	Catheter related	Muthusamy et al. (2022)
Kazachstania heterogenica	Veterinary	Alvarez-Perez et al. (2012)
Pichia cactophila	Invasive	Guitard et al. (2013), for more ref. see online Atlas
Acremonium egyptiacum	Human and veterinary	Rodriguez-Ares et al. (2000), for more ref. see online Atlas
Acrophialophora levis	Cerebral / pulmonary	Modlin et al. (2020), Huang & Liu (2019)
Alternaria alstroemeriae	Cutaneous	Sharma & Nonzom (2021)
Arthrinium arundinis	Superficial	Dyląg et al. (2017)
Arthroderma lilyanum	Veterinary	Moskaluk & VandeWoude (2022)
Arthroderma mcgillisianum	Veterinary	Moskaluk & VandeWoude (2022)
Arthroderma terrestre	(Name change for Trichophyton terrestre)	For ref. see Atlas
Aspergillus fischeri	(Name change for Neosartorya fischeri)	For ref. see Atlas
Aspergillus hiratsukae	(Name change for Neosartorya	For ref. see Atlas
Aspergillus laciniosa	(Name change for Neosartorya laciniosa)	For ref. see Atlas
Aspergillus parafelis	Invasive	Calvo-Cano et al. (2020)
Aspergillus pseudodeflectus	Pulmonary	Aït-Ammar et al. (2018)
Aspergillus pseudoviridinutans	Veterinary	Isabelle et al. (2020)
Aspergillus spinosus	(Name change for Neosartorya spinosa)	For ref. see Atlas
Aspergillus subramanianii	Onychomycosis	Hirose et al. (2018)
Aspergillus thermomutatus	(Name change for Neosartorya pseudofischeri)	For ref. see Atlas
Aspergillus udagawae	Name change for Neosartorya udagawae)	For ref. see Atlas
Bradymyces oncorhynchi	Veterinary	Hubka et al. (2014)
Cadophora bubakii		Porto (1979), Eiferman et al. (1983)
Colletotrichum chlorophyti	Keratitis	Paniz-Mondolfi et al. (2021)
Curvularia alcornii	Pseudoaneurysm	Narayanasamy et al. (2021)
Diaporthe miriciae	Cutaneous	Hou et al. (2022)
Diaporthe oculi	Keratitis	Ozawa et al. (2019)
Diaporthe pseudooculi	Keratitis	Ozawa et al. (2019)
Epicoccum nigrum	Disseminated	Shenoy Suchitra et al. (2012), Charron et al. (2022)
Epicoccum tritici	Cutaneous	Sharma & Nonzom (2021)
Exophiala campbellii	Subcutaneous	Borman et al. (2017), Borman et al. (2020)
Falciformispora lignatilis	Subcutaneous	Olenski et al. (2021)
Fusarium ramigenum	Pulmonary	Moroti et al. (2016)
Gambiomyces profunda	Subcutaneous	Valenzuela-Lopez et al. (2021)
Hongkongmyces snookiorum	Subcutaneous	Linqiang et al. (2020)
Hypoxylon griseobrunneum	Subcutaneous	Vanam et al. (2020)
Meanderella rijsii	Subcutaneous	Ahmed et al. (2022)
Nannizzia duboisii	Cutaneous	Vanbreuseghem (1949)
Nannizziopsis arthrosporioides	Veterinary	Chen et al. (2020)
Nannizziopsis chlamydospora	Veterinary	Schmidt-Ukaj et al. (2016)
Neodevriesia cladophorae	Veterinary	Armwood et al. (2021)
Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae	Onychomycosis	Shokoohi et al. (2020)
Penicillium labradorum	Veterinary	Rothacker et al. (2020)
Peziza ostracoderma	Disseminated	Kinch et al. (2023)
Phialemoniopsis limonesiae	Subcutaneous	Alvarez Martinez et al. (2021)
Phialemoniopsis pluriloculosa	Subcutaneous	Patolia & Bansal (2021)
Phialophora chinensis	Chromoblastomycosis	Ahmed et al. (2021), Pruvot et al. (2023)
Phialophora expanda	Cutaneous	Huang et al. (2020)
Phoma insulana	Chromoblastomycosis	Hernández-Hernández et al. (2018)
Pleurostoma hongkongense	Liver	Tsang et al. (2021)
Podospora austroamericana	Keratitis	Rameshkumar et al. (2018)
Pseudocanariomyces americanus	Subcutaneous	Ryan et al. (2021)
Purpureocillium roseum	Keratitis	Calvillo-Medina et al. (2021)
Rasamsonia aegroticola	Lung / disseminated	Hong et al. (2017)
Roussoella neopustulans	Keratitis	Voidaleski et al. (2022)
Scedosporium americanum	Cutaneous	Abrantes et al. (2021)
Scolecobasidium mirabilis	(Name change for Ochroconis musae)	For ref. see Atlas
Scolecobasidium globale	Veterinary	Samerpitak et al. (2019)
Stachybotrys chlorohalonatus	Sinusitis	Semis et al. (2021)
Talaromyces radicus	Veterinary	de Vos et al. (2009)
Trichophyton africanum	Cutaneous / onychomycosis	Cmoková et al. (2020)
Trichophyton europaeum	Cutaneous	Cmoková et al. (2020)
Trichophyton japonicum	Cutaneous	Cmoková et al. (2020)
Trichophyton spiraliforme	Cutaneous	Čmoková et al. (2021)
Verticillium dahliae	Keratitis	Huang et al. (2022)

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• Rameshkumar G, Ponlakshmi M, Selvapandiyan A, et al. Fungal keratitis caused by Podospora austroamericana: A first case report. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2018;36(4):594-596.
• Rashid S, Ben Abid F, Babu S, et al. Fatal renal mucormycosis with Apophysomyces elegans in an apparently healthy male. Aging Male. 2020;23(5):746-749.
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